Russia - Russian Federation

The Russian Federation was established in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The country initially faced serious political and economic challenges, including privatization processes, inflation, and social transformations. Since the 2000s, Russia's economy has been growing, partly due to energy exports. The country has taken an increasingly assertive role in foreign policy and has gradually regained its influence on the global stage. In 2014, the conflict with Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea resulted in significant international tensions and sanctions. In the following years, Russia continued to play an important role in international politics and the economy, while in its domestic policy, consolidation of power and various reforms have determined the country's development. The history of the Russian Federation since 1991 is a story of a combination of economic transformations, geopolitical challenges, and internal political changes.

After the formation of the Russian Federation in 1991, significant changes took place in the field of coinage. The country's official currency is the ruble, which is issued by the Central Bank of Russia. In the early 1990s, the Russian economy struggled with severe inflation, which led to a drastic decrease in the value of the ruble. As a result, new banknotes and coins were introduced in 1993, and then in 1998, as part of a major financial reform, the ruble was denominated, i.e. the value of the previous ruble was reduced by a ratio of 1000:1. In the field of coins, after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, they received a new design that reflected the new identity of the Russian Federation. The coins often featured historical figures, cultural symbols, and the Russian coat of arms. After the 1998 reform, new coins were introduced, which have been in circulation ever since.